The Role of External Auditors in Accounting Essay

The Role of External Auditors in Accounting - Essay Example To forestall moral dangers related with the auditors’ obligation, the British Serious Fraud Office has forced overwhelming penalities for deceivers and cushy hoodlums to close down or suspend a dubious business. Then again, examiners who are seen as blameworthy of expert carelessness may wind up confronting a financial misfortune or punishment through corrective fines and additionally the seizure of their permit to work on evaluating in the United Kingdom. As expressed by Michael Power of London School of Economics, â€Å"it may not be sensible to expect that evaluators would be testing plans of action legitimately and raising vital issues with money chiefs, that isn't their activity and on the off chance that we need it to be their activity, at that point things would need to change significantly. The bearing of my remark is that we may be expecting a lot from this discovery [External Audit] as far as what it really delivers†. ... In light of the individual jobs and duties of investors, inside and outer inspectors, the governing body, and the CEO, this report will clarify the cutoff points in the job and obligations of outside evaluators with regards to recognizing and controlling extortion exercises in business. Job and Responsibilities of External Auditors External examiners are experts who are employed to lead review dependent on the guidelines or laws on making budget summaries for the administration, a privately owned business, or a legitimate association (The Institute of Internal Auditors, 2011). As indicated by Kwok (2005, pp. 151 †161), bookkeeping abnormalities can be made with the end goal of tax avoidance or robbery by making apparition workers, skimming of the returns, or burglary of an advantage. Explicitly in the United Kingdom, the Chartered Accountants or the Certified General Accountants are the gathering of people who are able to direct outer evaluating. As indicated by Poorter (2008), inspectors inside the United Kingdom needs to play out an extraordinary obligation of care to an at risk outsider. It implies that the outside evaluators are made dependable in making reasonable, just and sensible treatment to the company’s outer investors. On the off chance that outside inspectors have a coupling contract between the organization and the investors of the said organization, it is a general guideline for the outer auditor(s) to satisfy his/her legal obligation as an examiner to investors all in all or as a gathering. As a standard working system, outer evaluators are required to assess the fiscal summary of another association on a yearly premise (Hicks and Goo, 2008, p. 261). After experiencing the budget report of a legislature, a privately owned business, or a lawful association, outside evaluators are normal

Relationship Between Organization, Structure and Culture

Connection Between Organization, Structure and Culture Introduction Our task is identified with the subject Organization and Behavior. We gathered data from different sources which incorporates web, books, and class notes and by talking various divisions of Mobilink GSM. We were dismissed a few times by the association yet at the same time finishing this task was fascinating and was loaded with understanding. We trust our work will be valued. Result first: Assignment for P1: Association characterized: Working through explicit arrangement is called as association. Authoritative structure: In authoritative structure we mastermind individuals into gatherings and various divisions. Authoritative structure gives the pathway to the arrangement of inclusion that drives a business, separating it into zones or divisions that are answerable for specific parts of the associations reason. An association separates occupations among representatives to accomplish their objectives all the more productively. There are distinctive key components which will assist us with creating an association structure .we will examine them underneath Work specialization: At the point when an individual play out certain employment a few time on day by day bases, that individual get ongoing to that particular undertaking and become experienced by carrying out that responsibility over and over, this is called as work specialization. Points of interest: Through work specialization level of proficiency increments in representatives. Disservices: Employees can become bore by doing same assignment over and over. Absence of intrigue may increment by doing same errand over and over. Departmentalization: Departmentalization is the mix of four offices working office, promoting office, HRM division and fund office. This is the way toward performing various errands, publicizing items, overseeing assets (recruiting workers, hardware and so on) for various undertakings and giving financial plans to performing distinctive of various divisions. Useful departmentalization Item departmentalization Geographic departmentalization Procedure departmentalization Client departmentalization Utilitarian departmentalization: In utilitarian departmentalization people groups are gathered by the work they practice. Gatherings of individuals at that point perform comparative errands and utilizations comparative materials. Gatherings are then additionally separated into sub divisions. Focal points: Efficiency of representatives increments by accomplishing same work over and over. Recruiting/terminating and preparing of representatives gets simpler. Every division will be answerable for their errands. Weaknesses: In this structure correspondence, coordination is poor and responsibility gets troublesome in this structure. http://static.flatworldknowledge.com/locales/all/records/imagecache/book/27984/fwk-collins-fig06_008.jpg (htt) (Figure indicating useful departmentalization) Item departmentalization: In item departmentalization work is gathered based on made merchandise they produce. Model Nestle partnership utilizes item departmentalization strategy for their wide scope of items. Settle produces various items like Nestle food, Nestle Beverages, Nestle Baby care items and so forth is constrained by administrators who have full duty regarding their items. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/content_images/fig/3300080301004.png (htt1) (Figure indicating item departmentalization) Geographic departmentalization: In this sort of structure departmentalization happens based on locale, territory. Model Standard Chartered Bank has their branches nearly in each city of Pakistan. Like head division of Standard Chartered Bank is in Karachi and their branches are spread over every single other city of Pakistan. Focal points: Services can be effectively accessible for workers. Representatives fulfillment increments by giving them benefits in each city. Administration of one division in one city can be not quite the same as another office in another city. This may make a few issues. Duplication of assets by having loads of chiefs and staff. Absence of correspondence with head office is the burdens. Procedure departmentalization: In process departmentalization office are compose to perform specific employment. The individuals from staff are gathered to focus on explicit occupation. In process departmentalization specialization increments since laborer needs to concentrate on single undertaking. Model: Making Passport, ID Card and so forth. Levels of leadership: A levels of leadership set up the line of power inside the association. It causes worker that to whom they will be capable. Its beginning with the top managerial staff and stretched out down through the different level in chain of command to where essential capacity of the association did. Centralization: Centralization is where top supervisors take choice; in centralization authority and force stay with high-class administrators. Lower level worker are not extensive that much significant. Decentralization: Decentralization is the corresponding of centralization. Here arranging and dynamic are conveyed among workers. Decentralization has a few advantages contrast with centralization Representatives get spurred by including them in dynamic Dynamic get quicker. coordination improve through association Grid structure: Grid structure is mix of a few distinct plans need to join their advantages and dodge there disadvantages. Representatives need to answerable for two bases. Hierarchical Culture: Definition: A particular arrangement of running, controlling which speaks to and recognizes an association from another association Or then again Physical picture of an association that is values, getting, disposition, standards of an association Attributes of association culture: Authoritative culture assumes significant job in the advancement of an association. Its gives unmistakable incentive to association, it smoothen way for advancement and hazard taking, it gives soundness to association. Some more attributes of association structure are clarified beneath. Predominant worth: As the name shows predominant qualities are explicit characteristics of an individual or an association. Significant estimations of an association or individual are called as predominant worth. Rules: Complete structure of an association for new coming workers and to the current representatives. All representatives must comply with all the standards and guidelines of an association. Model, what opportunity to arrive, when to leave, what to do and what not do and so forth. Association atmosphere: Is physical design of an association that is how the structure of an association, is it very much enlivened, how are representatives of association, their dress their disposition toward customers and so forth? Model: Standard Charted Bank. At the point when we go there we will see that building would be pleasantly finished, all the workers will have legitimate uniform and so forth which is the physical portrayal of Standard Chartered Bank Theory: As we probably am aware for an association costumers are top dog in light of the fact that without costumer association can't run. Theory is the fundamental trait of an association culture in light of the fact that here we accentuation on the most proficient method to get clients and how act costumers. Group direction: Group direction is another notable attribute of hierarchical culture. People or gatherings of people are assembled to perform various exercises of an association. Development and hazard taking: Chipping away at new thing is called as development, most likely advancement is very unsafe yet it tends to be extremely useful for an association. https://static.flatworldknowledge.com/destinations/all/records/imagecache/book/30774/fwk-craftsman fig08_005.jpg (htt2) Model survey association culture: Mobilink GSM: culture of Mobilink GSM is to thoroughly fulfill client and investors needs, their predominant qualities incorporate business splendor, certainty trustworthiness esteem for open, corporate social duty. Sub Culture: Sub culture is fundamentally a culture with in a culture, similar to each association has its particular culture then in association each division has its own way of life that is style of working controlling of advertising office is not quite the same as account office and likewise culture of HR office is diverse that showcasing office. Creating Organizational Culture: While building up a culture there are a few elements which influence authoritative culture at an incredible, of which some are clarified underneath. Monetary conditions: Monetary conditions has incredible effect on association culture in such a case that the ideal opportunity for an association is prosperous so certainly associations will be searching for advancements, new thoughts and so on however then again if time isn't prosperous, there are swellings for an associations so no uncertainty association will confront a great deal of issues. Development: Development or structure implies how are undertakings requested. In adaptable organized association representatives are propelled by giving them rewards and so forth. Representatives are given acceptable working condition. Then again if the structure of association is distressing so certainly representatives will be demotivated this will diminish their advantage level of work. Administration style: Pioneer must actualize such principle and guidelines which are both advantageous for workers to follow just as beneficial for association. It is up to the pioneer how he controls an association. Evolving Culture: Changing authoritative culture is tremendous extreme undertaking as indicated by master it takes 8 years for an association to change their way of life all in all, yet for the most part associations adjust their negative culture. Change in culture can be made by changing crucial vision of an association and so forth. A few variables which are assuming incredible job in changing association culture are depicted beneath. Strategic Vision: So as to change authoritative culture changes must be made in the strategic vision proclamation of association. As strategic vision is correspondence reason to partners, crucial vision for an association sh

Argumentative Letter Free Essays

Jaclyn McGrew 1 English 1102 Robert Arnold 11-9-10 Mr. Plait and Mrs. Twomey, By what definition can we, as people, pass by that clarifies the sensational animals called outsiders? The most UFOistic implying that you have portrayed is â€Å"an extraterrestrial astute being, somebody who lives on different planets out from Earth. We will compose a custom exposition test on Factious Letter or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now † (DeVore 4) With this I can concur, until you start to portray an outsider as a green beast with two fingers, three eyes, and the thought processes to assume control over our world.You both clarify in this article there is positively no chance anybody or anything can live in our universe. While I can regard your hypotheses and suppositions, I can’t help however feel like you might be thinking marginally ridiculous, and I’ll disclose to you why. You talk about Evolution and how we were made by the sun. How would we realize that every world doesn’t have it’s own Earth? I am profoundly acquainted with that hypothesis and I can comprehend where you may make those determinations from.However, I might want to raise another hypothesis for your thought. Reality: There are more than 125 million anticipated system in the Universe, and more than 200 billion stars just in our cosmic system. â€Å"Say Evolution is in reality how we got here; couldn’t it have happened a few different occasions? † (Eastman 2) Maybe in various systems? For all we know, one mineral possibly a greater amount of the 200 billion different stars is a planet with a living thing, yet we are not yet mechanically propelled enough to discover it. McGrew 2 That carries me to my subsequent point: Technology.You express that, â€Å"the marvel is just genuine on the off chance that it very well may be estimated or recognized through a notable and dynamic strategy, for example, x-beam cameras and infrared telescopes. † (Plait 2) While these instruments would help the scrutinizing of this marvel, our reality doesn't have the innovation to wander far. I accept that if, indeed, there is another type of life out there, it is a gigantic chance that they are hundreds or thousands of years more seasoned than us, in this way they re all the more mechanically progressed. A fascinating hypothes is to consider is simply that.If this â€Å"other life form† is really that cutting-edge, wouldn’t it be feasible for them to see us, regardless of whether we can’t see them? As an inquisitive individual, I genuinely accept we should cautiously think about each chance, regardless of whether we don’t fundamentally have solid proof. Thirdly, you explicitly quote that, â€Å" numerous individuals believe that many recordings or a large number of photos are sufficiently proof to show logically a reality; it isn't. † (Plait 1) This announcement raises a generally excellent point, anyway it at first leads me to pose a couple of inquiries concerning the Bible.As a Christian, I experienced childhood with God’s word and the beliefe that we were made by God and we all got from Adam and Eve. Is the Bible not, actually, a prime case of an unmistakable reply against that sentence alone? What I am attempting to get at here is this: a large number of individuals spend their entire lives perusing and accepting the Bible, yet have never really observed proof that it talks reality. Having faith in the Bible without meeting Jesus in person is equivalent to having confidence in outsiders without encountering an abduction.So for what reason is it so natural for us to put stock in God however not extraterrestrials? Mc Grew 3 such a significant number of people promptly think about the word â€Å"alien. † I need to realize why outsiders are probably assuming control over constantly. Where did that hypothesis or thought get from? This leads me to my last contention and my portrayal to your announcement, â€Å" indeed, it appears that individuals want to be tricked as opposed to stopping theirbrains with true data. † ( ) Well, isn’t the way that there re such a large number of different worlds out there a type of truthful information?To me, this announcement demonstrates my point that we people truly need to begin being progressively sensible. I am continually asking packs of â€Å"what-if† inquiries, yet by doing so I am just prompted explore everything more inside and out. Taking everything into account, I might want to leave you with a couple of little instances of different speculations to consider: What if God is genuine, however made different planets simply like that of our own? Imagine a scenario in which Evolution is the means by which we were made and it happened on various occasions in different cosmic systems. Imagine a scenario in which there are ther planets like our own, and what we consider â€Å"aliens† are actually similar to us only a large number of years ahead innovatively, clarifying UFO citings and recorded kidnappings. Imagine a scenario where, actually, Earth is a venture of a different universe that is so exceptional and virtuoso that we can't even intellectually understand it. While I do and consistently will appreciate discussing this theme, I have faith in God and the creation story, yet I likewise accept that is amazingly gullible for us to think we are distant from everyone else. Much obliged to you, Jaclyn McGrew Step by step instructions to refer to Argumentative Letter, Essays

Pyrotechnics Science and How Fireworks Work

Fireworks have been a traditional part of New Years celebrations since they were invented by the Chinese almost a thousand years ago. Today fireworks displays are seen on most holidays. Have you ever wondered how they work? There are different types of fireworks. Firecrackers, sparklers, and aerial shells are all examples of fireworks. Though they share some common characteristics, each type works a little differently. How Firecrackers Work Firecrackers are the original fireworks. In their simplest form, firecrackers consist of gunpowder wrapped in paper, with a fuse. Gunpowder consists of 75% potassium nitrate (KNO 3), 15% charcoal (carbon) or sugar, and 10% sulfur. The materials will react with each other when enough heat is applied. Lighting the fuse supplies the heat to light a firecracker. The charcoal or sugar is the fuel. Potassium nitrate is the oxidizer, and sulfur moderates the reaction. Carbon (from the charcoal or sugar) plus oxygen (from the air and the potassium nitrate) forms carbon dioxide and energy. Potassium nitrate, sulfur, and carbon react to form nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases and potassium sulfide. The pressure from the expanding nitrogen and carbon dioxide explode the paper wrapper of a firecracker. The loud bang is the pop of the wrapper being blown apart. How Sparklers Work A sparkler consists of a chemical mixture that is molded onto a rigid stick or wire. These chemicals often are mixed with water to form a slurry that can be coated on a wire (by dipping) or poured into a tube. Once the mixture dries, you have a sparkler. Aluminum, iron, steel, zinc or magnesium dust or flakes may be used to create the bright, shimmering sparks. An example of a simple sparkler recipe consists of potassium perchlorate and dextrin, mixed with water to coat a stick, then dipped in aluminum flakes. The metal flakes heat up until they are incandescent and shine brightly or, at a high enough temperature, actually burn. A variety of chemicals can be added to create colors. The fuel and oxidizer are proportioned, along with the other chemicals, so that the sparkler burns slowly rather than exploding like a firecracker. Once one end of the sparkler is ignited, it burns progressively to the other end. In theory, the end of the stick or wire is suitable to support it while burni ng. How Rockets and Aerial Shells Work When most people think of fireworks an aerial shell probably comes to mind. These are the fireworks that are shot into the sky to explode. Some modern fireworks are launched using compressed air as a propellant and exploded using an electronic timer, but most aerial shells remain launched and exploded using gunpowder. Gunpowder-based aerial shells essentially function like two-stage rockets. The first stage of an aerial shell is a tube containing gunpowder, that is lit with a fuse much ​like a large firecracker. The difference is that the gunpowder is used to propel the firework into the air rather than explode the tube. There is a hole at the bottom of the firework so the expanding nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases launch the firework into the sky. The second stage of the aerial shell is a package of gunpowder, more oxidizer, and colorants. The packing of the components determines the shape of the firework.

Marketing Management The Marketing Strategy For Elderly...

Society today is experiencing rapid growth in the globalization. Marketing managers are facing the wide range of challenges and opportunities in developing a suitable marketing plan and strategy for elderly customers of different geography and characteristics. On one hand, marketing strategies may contain site for the production unit, mode of entry and communication strategies to acquire the customer intention. On the other hand, consumers have more knowledge of products and are well aware of the variety of domestic as well as foreign products and brands (Thornhill and Martin 2007). In order to be a successful marketer, their strategies will depend the correlation between the product attributes and customer identities like attitude,†¦show more content†¦If the company does not consider the physical, mental, and social aspect of the whole society, then the products can easily reject elderly consumers. A positive element to address that issue is companies having a universal de sign. A universal design is the idea that by making products accessible for people with disabilities, the same products can become easier to use for the whole population (Moody and Sasser 482). This design idea is not only helping the elderly regain their self-respect but also can be a tool to combine the generations. The properties of universal design can be combined as neutral (not targeted old or young), flexible (e.g right or left handed both people can use), simple (easily understood), error tolerant (minimize accidental usage), needed physically low effort and appropriate size and space regardless of user s body sizes. There are several examples of products that can be used for any age. The first example is a cell phone. The design has a visually and functional design features and also the keypad and easy to use softwares can widely open it’s the customer base without concerning of age. Another example, can be a game console, which is a device that combines the generations. Game systems are available to any gamers of any age. The directions and controllers are easy to use. In these types of products, the age group is not the main focus rather the focus is on it s functionality and ease of use. Therefore, it makes them appealShow MoreRelatedEssay on Strategic Planning6467 Words   |  26 Pages * Goals-based planning is perhaps the most common as it starts with a focus on the organizations mission (and vision and/or values), goals to work toward the mission, strategies to achieve the goals, and action planning. * Issues-based strategic planning often starts by examining issues facing the organization, strategies to address those issues, and action plans. * Organic strategic planning begins with the organizations vision and values and then action plans to achieve the vision withRead MoreToyota Motor Corporation ( Tmc ) Essay2218 Words   |  9 Pagesoutlines four key topics which will compare Toyota and its Japanese rival Honda, in greater detail to determine what elements are vital for a successful multinational company. Globalisation Strategies â€Å"Kaizen†, a word meaning continuous improvement is the driving force behind the globalisation strategy of the Toyota Motor Company, and it the key work which guides them towards perfection [1]. While Toyota was initially based in Japan, they quickly spread to multiple countries all over the globeRead MoreA Kfc Casestudy3919 Words   |  16 Pagesknown more commonly. According to questionnaire survey conducted by the globally-renowned marketing researching company AC Nielsen in 30 China cities in 1999, KFC was accepted by Chinese consumers as â€Å"the most popular brand† and ranked as the No.1 among top ten international brands in China. With the increasing abundance of managerial experience, the expanding number of staffs and the gradually impeccable management system, KFC accelerates its velocity of development since entering the Chinese marketRead MoreRetail Food Marketing5853 Words   |  24 PagesMarketing Concepts MAR110 Major Report The Australian Takeaway Food Retailing Industry 17 May 2009 34 pages Word Count 3391 Table of Contents Executive Summary iii Introduction 1 Discussion 3 1 Markets 3 1.1 Trends in Size 3 1.2 Growth 4 1.3 Profit 4 1.4 Sales 4 1.5 Distribution 5 1.6 Customers 5 1.7 Competitors 6 1.8 Other Stakeholders 7 2 Major External Factors 9 2.1 Demographic Factors 9 2.2 Economic FactorsRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University Read MoreWhey Hey Marketing Opportunity Analysis Essay example6733 Words   |  27 PagesCompetitive Analysis 8 3.0 Company Analysis 9 3.1 WheyHey Analysis 9 3.2 SWOT Analysis 10 4.0 Key Issues Entering market 11 4.1 Segmentation 11 4.2 Major Target market 12 4.3 Potential customers 13 4.4 Positioning 13 4.5 Differentiation strategies 14 5.0 Marketing Objectives and Communication Objectives 14 6.0 Marketing Mix 15 6.1 Product 15 6.2 Pricing 16 6.3 Place 18 6.4 Promotion 19 7.0 Financial Plan 21 8.0 Entry Mode 22 9.0 Key Trends in the Next 5 Years 22 9.1 Continued Growth of Health and WellnessRead MoreStrategic Audit Us Airways vs Southwest Airlines7346 Words   |  30 PagesPlaced first in the industry Customer Satisfaction rating 5. Expanded domestic market share to 25% from 21% within the last year 6. Remained the largest domestic US carrier in terms of passengers carried, measured by the number of domestic originating passengers boarded as of September 30, 2012. 7. Gained a 7% return on invested capital (ROIC) before taxes B. Strategic Posture What are the corporation’s current mission, objectives, strategies, and policies? Read MoreFood Retail Industry Analysis2608 Words   |  11 Pages quite different. Consumers no longer want more goods, they want better goods, and demand is more sophisticated. Grocery began to attract customers ¡Ã‚ ¯ vision by variety artifice, which is like retail change of assortment. For instance, change style of product from specialization to generalization, and enable better most people to choose their products. Nowadays, grocery is a huge and insurmountable organization, which provides a large number of products to customers through consummateRead MoreHow Different Are Branding Strategies in the Pharmaceutical Industry Versus Fast Moving Consumer Goods?7338 Words   |  30 PagesHOW DIFFERENT ARE BRANDING STRATEGIES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY VERSUS FAST MOVING CONSUMER GOODS? Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyse the branding strategies used currently in the pharmaceutical industry and compare it to the best practices in Fast Moving Consumer goods. First the authors review the differences in the way branding is defined and organised in pharmaceuticals versus FMCG and identify why branding could be leveraged in the pharmaceutical industry to helpRead MoreManaging and Organizing for Innovation in Service Firms a Literature Review with Annotated Bibliography30787 Words   |  124 Pagesof work life development aim to strengthen business and public sectors contribution for a sustainable development by enlightening the importance of the employee as an actor and a creative resource. Focus lies on the organisation of work, and on management and leadership that increase the ability to develop a long-term sustainable working life. The objective is global competitiveness. The number of companies that supply services increases. Services are thus an increasingly important part of the labour

Ban On Tobacco Advertisements By The Government Of India...

Written Assignment Unit 4 Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India I remembered years ago the California Supreme Courts forced RJ Reynolds to remove their mascot, Joe Camel from all its products. RJ Reynolds would argue that this advertising had nothing to do with selling cigarettes or marketing to minors. This is not a new concept for California, as early as the 1920’s Hollywood has glamorized smoking. It is clear, the direction that the tobacco companies wanted to have a say. The tobacco companies paid for many classics, TV shows like â€Å"I love Lucy† to product place their cigarettes. Giving the illusion of wealth and status. Personally, I think this was the most successful driver for the industry. However, the studies show the drop in tobacco sales upon removal of ads. The arguments in favor of the ban on tobacco advertising in India, include India’s Government of moral ethics and the obligation to protect its people. The health concern, for the consumers cleverly removed the additional threats (even if it’s subconscious) by banning the Ads in India. Internal notoriety also played up the venue of taking care of each countrymen. Because of the International publicity some Governments became (In many people’s eyes) more caring for their citizens, implying that someone is watching out for them and their best interests. Most of the opposition of the ban on tobacco advertising in India, comes from the Corporations selling tobacco. This is a huge industry, withShow MoreRelatedBan On Tobacco Advertisements By The Government Of India864 Words   |  4 PagesBan on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India A Case Study 1. A summary of the arguments in favor of the ban on tobacco advertising. The arguments in favor of the government banning tobacco advertising generally begins with the belief that the government has the right to intervene in the best interest of its citizens. The banning of cocaine, which is generally seen as worldwide, is often used as an example of this. Public health is often the motive that is cited when countries such as Belgium andRead MoreBan On Tobacco Advertisements By The Government Of India864 Words   |  4 PagesBan on Tobacco Ads by The Government of India: 1. Summarize the arguments in favor of the ban on tobacco advertising in India  · It was said that French Constitutional council declared that ban on advertising tobacco products was not constitutional, it based on the need to protect public health  · They argued that the revenue logic of huge contribution in the form of excise to the Exchequer is not valid  · According to World Health Organization, tobacco accounted for overRead MoreBan On Tobacco Advertisements By The Government Of India1444 Words   |  6 PagesBan on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India Tobacco is one of the world’s most profitable industries. The top three producers of tobacco are: China, Brazil, and India, in that order. These industries provide direct and indirect work for many people in developing countries. Thus, like any good company it wishes to expose its products to the public by investing in ads and other merchandise of its product. All companies end goal (and of course this included tobacco) is to increase the appeal andRead MoreBan On Tobacco Advertisements By The Government Of India991 Words   |  4 PagesBan on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India 1. Summarize the arguments in favor of the ban on tobacco advertising in India 2. Summarize the arguments in opposition of the ban on tobacco advertising in India 3. Discuss the conflict of interest issue as it pertains to government in India 4. Give your opinion on what governments should do in regards to tobacco advertising Smoking is on my list of not to do. Since I was a little girl my dad used to smoke a lot in our living room. I remember thisRead MoreIndia s Government Should Ban Tobacco Advertisements900 Words   |  4 Pagesthe issue of tobacco advertising, and weigh the merit of each opposing viewpoint on whether or not India’s government should ban tobacco advertisements. 1. Those vouching for the ban of tobacco advertisements in India say that doing so is not unconstitutional, as it is meant to guard health of the general public. They also advocate that the state has the right to step in, when the general interest of its civilians may be at possible risk. Additionally, it was said that the ban would not hinderRead MoreBan Tobacco Ban On Tobacco859 Words   |  4 PagesSupporters of the ban on tobacco in India realize the major health complications that will arise from the use of tobacco. The World Health Organization estimated â€Å"over 3 million people died from tobacco related deaths in 1990,† (Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government in India; http://www.icmrindia.org/free%20resources/casestudies/ban-tobacco-ads11.htm ). It is the government’s duty to protect the health and welfare of its citizens by banning advertising harmful products that are designed to appealRead MoreBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA800 Words   |  4 Page sBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA In 2004 the government of India banned tobacco companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products as well as empower the government with the power to launch an anti tobacco program. . This issue created a serious problem in that it was both ethical and commercial, the government on one hand, believe it was its responsibility to protect the welfare ofRead MoreThe Ban of Tobacco Advertising in India757 Words   |  3 PagesFebruary 6, 2001, Government Of India (GOI) announces a bill about banning Tobacco companies from advertising their product and sponsoring sport and cultural events. The bill mission is to reduce consumption of tobacco products. This paper is based on information provided by the case study and is divided into four section. The first section summarizes arguments in favor of the ban on tobacco advertising in India. The second section summarizes arguments in op position of the ban on tobacco advertising inRead MoreBan Of Ban On Tobacco988 Words   |  4 Pages Those in favor of the ban on tobacco advertisements and sponsoring of cultural and sporting events in India noted that they were not the first country to be taking these steps. In fact, many European countries had previously invoked bans on tobacco beginning decades before. In both Belgium and France the ban was deemed to be constitutional as the main motivator behind this ban was public health, and not necessarily the desire to stop the tobacco industry from partaking in trade. BeyondRead MoreBanning Tobacco Advertising Ban On The Public Health Of Their People976 Words   |  4 PagesIn February 6, 2001, the Government of India announce their plan to soon pass a bill banning Tobacco companies from displaying any source of advertising or sponsoring any public events. The advertising ban took effect from May 1, 2004. In October 2, 2005, the Government of India prohibited a ny new programs or movies from showing any actors or actresses smoking as it glorifies smoking and sends a bad message to its viewers. According to a CNN article written by Leo Juarez, some actors seem to support

Role of Exposure and Activity Involvement †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Role of Exposure and Activity Involvement. Answer: Introduction From the different marketing channel and desired combination of tools accumulate to bring some concept and advertise the personal and business selling and marketing which is considered as Marketing Communication. Sponsorship, promotion and public relations are the factors of these standards and with the marketing communicating tool a better market orientation can be sustained in this business process. Advertising is a paid from of marketing communication that organizations employee in order to directly communicate messages to the current as well as potential customers. Some of the medium that advertising use in todays global context has grown and evolved exponentially with the advancement of technology. Radio, television or hoardings are traditional form of advertising digital advertising platforms like commercial website; social media etc is also playing an important role in the IMC strategies of an organisation (Belch et al 2014). IMC is Integrated Marketing Communication it is the plan or strategy a company formulates to communicate the consumers ideas, product development etc. Advertising is a mode of mass communication and is an integral part of IMC (Fill and Turnbull 2016). According to the AIDA model of advertising and marketing, the process of advertising must follow four steps attention, interest, decision and action. Advertising is used to create awareness among the consumers of a product or service and in order to do so it has to properly planned and organized (Fill and Turnbull 2016). Advertising creates interest and in turn also develops needs as well (Kelley and Jugenheimer 2015). For example: there are some products that people do not even know exist unless it is advertised. Advertising is responsible for creating a brand image as well, this is a concept of branding where the company employees through various modes of marketing in order to create a perception in the minds of the people regarding a brand (Moriarty et al 2014). For example: Mac Donalds, all the commercials and jingles of Mac Donalds portray a happy time with friends and family as that is the image the company wants to create. The above is the strong theory of advertising as it assumes that with the help of advertising changes can be achieved in a positive way. It provides information about the brand and creates awareness among the loyal and potential customers. It behaves like a tool for persuasion from the behalf of the company to use their products or services over the other competitors (Fill and Turnbull 2016). The strong theory is known as the cognitive approach and is mostly popular in North America. Issues with the theory is that brands have a larger market share sell and promote their goods and services more posing a disadvantageous position for the competition. On the other hand, in the week theory Ehrenberg has argued that change cannot be inflicted with the help of advertising as it is dependent on b ehavioral pattern of a person (Fill and Turnbull 2016). It says that it improves the level of knowledge but it does not impact on the purchase behavior of the consumers. This approach is known as the behaviorist approachand is popular in Australia, NZ and UK. These theories are important as it gives a foundation for marketers to formulate strategy and creative ideas for advertising (Belch et al 2014). These theories influence campaigns as it directs the marketers in formulating the creative ideas. Advertising is the process of mass communication that helps a company to interact with the end consumers, third party organizations are hired in order to strategies and implement the advertising of a brand (Moriarty et al 2014). The media landscape with the help of digital technologies have essentially altered the nature and function of media in the society Marketing media communication has developed and improved immensely in the past decade. The advent of digital marketing is a benchmark change that has taken place in the recent years (Ashley and Tuten 2015). There is a company that provides service for each of the sub headings of marketing communication for example: media planning agency, advertising agencies, PR agencies etc (Tuten and Solomon 2014). Some of the traditional marketing media are: television, radio, prints promotion, OOH (out of home) billboards and hoardings, direct marketing and press (Fill and Turnbull 2016). With development in technology methods and approaches towards the marketing segment has also a changed for good. The choice of medium in which marketing can be employee has also changed and with the various services in the marketing sector. In the last 5years social media has become the new mode of communication and marketers use this platform immensely in order to reach the target customer (Bacile et al 2014). The rise of media is differentiated matter that encompasses the behavioral approach of people and involved customers to buy new products. This is a kind of state of mind that involved with the conventional manner of people those changes by generation (Fill and Turnbull 2016). Old newspaper has changed into digital newspaper, introduction of tablets and magazines are important aspect of media and that turn down the impact of television as well. Radio and Television broadcasting has changed and for that reason the direct marketing has come up by the influence of social media and publication. All those old formats have been change into new one so the consumers are also bought those products to involve and survive in modern market (Fill and Turnbull 2016). Digital billboards, advertising on the internet, radio advertising enhancement in technology etc are some of the new marketing strategies. Skippable ads and non-skipable ads, click baits, online campaigns are some of the new concepts that have developed in the last decade and has gained prominence in the last 10 years (Scott 2015). In the further the change is also dependent on the technology and there can be at any moment a break through innovation like social media which might open other doors of communication. As the reach and rates of advertising in the digital forum has also reduced significantly. There are non-payable methods of marketing in the digital platform as well but that is not that impactful (Tuten and Solomon 2014). Therefore the need from being creative in the approach of marketing is impo rtant. Creativity is essential as it helps create a recall value for the product or service. For example it is often seen that people remember a jingle or a scene form an advertisement which is ten or fifteen years old (Fill and Turnbull 2016). The characteristics of marketing are also evolving with the change in the medium, the lifestyle of the people is also changing and there is a lot of time constraint which makes it important for to be creative (Ashley and Tuten 2015). The cost of media depends on the various factors like: reach, type of medium, impact, factors included in the employment etc. The focus of media consumption measurement from TRP has changed to views and clicks the importance of traditional marketing medium has not reduced due to the advent of digitalization but for companies a plethora of options of marketing has opened. Sponsoring is basically supporting a cause or effort with monetary or any other means. The term is usually associated with non-profit projects but it is also a way of marketing. It is essentially an agreement in between two business entities. It is a mutually beneficial relationship in between the organization and the sponsor (Fill and Turnbull 2016). This is a type of marketing tool that can be associated with advertising that seeks to recognize itself with a publisher, event or cause. For example a company that manufactures sports garments sponsor sports events which helps the company gathers more awareness to the target market of the product or service (Donovan et al 2016). Sponsorship helps a company build an image by associating with events and causes that are relevant for the perception the company wants to build. A company or a brand would use this technique when the brand wants to spared awareness about any product development or idea. When the company also wants to reposition the brand then a the company can choose to associate with an event which will be associated with for example a brand that wants to establish itself as a rebel it can choose to opt a music festival rather than a charitable event, sponsorship also helps a company get ahead of the competition in the market as it helps the company garner more attention from existing or potential customers. There are several aspects or elements for the successful sponsorship as this is the reason behind the planning and implementation. Adding value to the project and reflect the positive influence from the work is the key criteria that relives sponsors by hitting the correct positioning in several times (Fill and Turnbull 2016). The clear objectives is important for setting a goal and that involves all the focus and concentration that provided by organization to satisfy the sponsors. Activation plan and sponsorship right situation is the best accession that right holders have for the development of the organization (Fill and Turnbull 2016). Measuring the result is also important as the quality sponsorship is needed for the professional approach as the result has done by the specialized loom thus there are high chances of maintaining successful sponsors in business. It also helps the company to gain a good reputation as well as goodwill for the company (Grohs and Reisinger 2014). It helps a marketer strengthen its position in the market, sponsorship helps in all the ways any other means of marketing would facilitate a company. The credibility of the sponsor on the other hand is also responsible for the success or failure of the approach. Sponsor also helps in making business contacts and relation in the market as the event or the cause to be effective has to be related to the sponsor it ensures that the company also gains exposure in the market of operation as well (Fill and Turnbull 2016). All these are implemented in order to enhance the sales rate of the company which in turn will impact the revenue. The image of the brand can also be altered if the cause associated with non-profit organizations (Grohs and Reisinger 2014). According to the congruence effect on sponsorship relatedness, relevance or compatibility plays a key role in being associated with an event or cause. The association with a cause makes a company liable for any kind of good or bad press the event garners. Conclusion Communication is an important aspect of marketing mix and for this reason effective communication strategy and value of the marketing is important for the global challenges and effective communication process. Communication objectives also identify the customers and the target markets and for that reason management communications and industrial market demands are raises high and granted a better service that can peruse the economical balancing in market. Reference list: Ashley, C. and Tuten, T., 2015. Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement.Psychology Marketing,32(1), pp.15-27. Bacile, T.J., Ye, C. and Swilley, E., 2014. From firm-controlled to consumer-contributed: Consumer co-production of personal media marketing communication.Journal of Interactive Marketing,28(2), pp.117-133. Baim, D.V., Goukasian, L. and Misch, M.B., 2015. Olympic sponsorships, stock prices, and trading activity.International Journal of Sport Finance,10(2), p.175. Belch, G.E., Belch, M.A., Kerr, G.F. and Powell, I., 2014.Advertising: An integrated marketing communication perspective. McGraw-Hill Education. Donovan, R.J., Donovan, R.J., Anwar-McHenry, J., Anwar-McHenry, J., Hernandez Aguilera, Y., Hernandez Aguilera, Y., Nicholas, A., Nicholas, A., Kerrigan, S. and Kerrigan, S., 2016. Increasing brand recall for naming rights sponsorships.Journal of Social Marketing,6(4), pp.377-389. Fill, C. and Turnbull, S., 2016.Marketing Communications. Pearson Higher Ed. Fill, C. and Turnbull, S., 2016.Marketing Communications. Pearson Higher Ed. Grohs, R. and Reisinger, H., 2014. Sponsorship effects on brand image: The role of exposure and activity involvement.Journal of Business Research,67(5), pp.1018-1025. Kelley, L. and Jugenheimer, D.W., 2015.Advertising Account Planning: Planning and Managing an IMC Campaign. Routledge. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. Scott, D.M., 2015.The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use social media, online video, mobile applications, blogs, news releases, and viral marketing to reach buyers directly. John Wiley Sons. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2014.Social media marketing. Sage.

American Democracy Essays - Democracy, Elections, E-democracy

American Democracy American Democracy The American democracy is one of the most peaceful kinds of government in the world although it is a long way from utopia. The democracy in which we live has many strengths and weaknesses. Neither strengths or weaknesses out weigh one another, but it is necessary to have both due to the varying definitions. A democracy is a government that is run by the people. The politicians that we elect to run our government are human and they are susceptible to mistakes based on their own strengths and weaknesses. The strengths and weaknesses they possess are reflected into our government but at least ?we the people? elect them and they are not chosen for us. We live in a representative democracy that means ?we the people? are given the right to elect those who represent our beliefs and values. The political campaigns of the politicians allows us the freedom of who to elect by selling us their views on how they feel our government should function. Many of the campaigns seem to dispute the candidate running against the other(s) but it normally ties into what they believe is wrong. Sometimes a candidate's campaign will run according to one of the candidates mistakes that they have made in office or in life. The candidate may then promise they would never make a mistake of that sort. The campaigns now days tend to be more on the negative side but negativity sells in this country. While positive campaigns reflect more on the positive goals of the campaignee it would cost more to promote than negative campaigns. The negativity tends to stick in our minds more than the positive. It is kind of like a relationship, you tend to remember the bad more than the good. The same applies to campaigning. When some of us go to the ballot box we remember certain commercials either on the television or radio. And nine times out of ten, we remember the negative commercials over the positive. The campaigns are suppose to educate us and negative campaigns is not a good way to do that. The positive campaigns are the ones that should educate us. Positive campaigns promote ?the will of the people.? The ?will of the people? want trust, security, someone they can relate to. But with positive campaigns there is a drawback, it costs more money. Now you have those people who want to reform campaign finance. They feel we already spend too much money on campaigning. If you have the money supporting you, then you should be allowed to spend the money in whatever way it best suits your campaigning. More money does not mean a victory, just ask Ross Perot. More money could mean more positive campaigns and better education about the politicians for "we the people." Some people feel we should let the newspapers and media inform us about candidates, but the media is the worst critic of all. Journalists are paid big bucks to see who can find the dirtiest secret one person has done. So, what positive influences could the media possibly provide to us? Our media in this country is out of control and they inform us of issues we do not need to know about. While there are some Americans who want to hear these types of issues, many of us could not care less. In order to make positive campaigns more affective we need to get back to the basics. Politicians should serve their term limit and during their time they should do for the constituents and not spend so much time and money worrying about their next campaign. "We the people" elect those who represent certain issues and sometimes when they are sworn in to do their duty, they change their view on the issues. When politicians do this, it makes those who voted for him or her disappointed and cause them to lose faith in our democracy. The political system has succeeded but I believe it has little to do with religion. The founding fathers may have had God in mind but in today's society when dealing with our democracy, religion has nothing to do with it. There are way too many diversities of

Submissions and Submittals

Submissions and Submittals Submissions and Submittals Submissions and Submittals By Maeve Maddox Scott asks: Would you comment on the differences in the nouns submittal and submission to denote a document submitted to someone or, perhaps, uploaded to a website? Â  Which is better and under what circumstances? The major sources, Strunk and White, Chicago, for example, dont mention them. Â  I prefer the concrete submittal because the word submission has so many other meanings, but Im having a hard time proving it. The OED has a very meagre entry for the word submittal: The act of submitting. It offers a single example, from an American source dated 1888 that refers to a letter of submittal. Merriam-Webster gives the word the same short shrift: an act of submitting. In legal use submission has four possible meanings: agreement to abide by a decision or to obey an authority reference to the decision or judgement of a (third) party the referring of a matter to arbitration a theory of a case put forward by an advocate And, of course, submission can mean the action of submitting to a conquering power. In its well-established general sense, submission means the act of submitting a matter to a person for decision or consideration. Although absent from the two dictionaries cited above, the word submittal does enjoy a specialized use among architects and construction managers. Answers.com offers these definitions: Submittals in Construction Management are shop drawings, material data, and samples. Product data submittals, samples, and shop drawings are required primarily for the architect and engineer to verify that the correct products will be installed on the project. Architecture: materials such as samples or manufacturers’ data that are submitted to the architect for approval; usually a requirement of the contract documents. The readers objection to the use of submission is that it has so many other meanings. This is not a very strong basis for objection. A great many of the words we use have many meanings. English speakers are used to rolling with the punches. For example, no one is going to misinterpret the meanings of the following sentences: Caesar sought the submission of the Gauls. My novel submission has been accepted by Harper-Collins. Context is all. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers3 Types of HeadingsWhile vs. Whilst

Create a Training Budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Create a Training Budget - Essay Example This realization is essentially realized from training and related activities. Intel’s enterprise architecture drives every other aspect of the organization. This part of the company actualizes its operational basis technologically. The success of enterprise architecture at Intel is essentially driven by the company’s commitment to invest in the department. Training in the enterprise architecture context cannot fail to be accounted for. Training budget considers a number of factors, namely: number of trainees, number of trainers, other participants, length of training, location of training, materials needed, resources required, and the underlying work-training effects (Blanchard, 2008). Intel’s training program under enterprise architecture and related areas is a progressive undertaking. However, this training has to be in line with the company’s daily operations. This means that it is highly likely that some of the trainees will still have work-related duties and responsibilities to undertake. Taking this into account, the training can be set for 20 to 30 days, and spread over a period of 6 to 12 months. This would allow an ample time to trainers, trainees, and other participants to harmonize training and organizational operations. Number of trainees, number of trainers, other participants, length of training, location of training, materials needed, resources required, and the underlying work-training effects are the primary factors that a budget has to account for. With the length of training already identified, the number of participants cannot be specified due to variations in the number of trainers and trainees within a given training program. It is important to note that Intel’s training is progressive, and that the number of participants varies relative to the training program being run. Most often than not Intel runs progressive training as opposed to starting training

Role of Technology in Education Research Proposal

Role of Technology in Education - Research Proposal Example With the rapid advancement of technology, the suggestions are expected to remain viable for a maximum of ten years. Research Methodology Research will initially be conducted by use of questionnaires. Learning institutions that are using technology will share their experiences before and after making the shift. The results will then be presented to technology experts for review. Scholarly materials will also be presented to them for viability checks and suggested improvements. Terminologies and Key Concepts Proposed These are computers, the internet, websites, teleconferencing and mobile devices. Computers are the fundamental interfaces between man and technology. The internet and websites will refer to the network of private and public connections and resources. Teleconferencing is the technology that allows geographically separated parties to speak while viewing the other person and any communications to be shared visually. Mobile devices, like computers, serve as interfaces between man and technology, only that they are portable and an be used while one is mobile. The Study and Literature Reviews Researches in the past two decades (Grauwe 9) and a report from the United States Congress Office of Technology Assessment have indicated that learning via computer and telecommunications technologies are the factors bridging the gaps between society and learning institutions. In this literature, most of the emphasis was placed on the relevance of what the education processes could offer with or without using new technologies. It was unanimously concluded (Grauwe 12) that the impact of technology in education was only beginning to be felt and teachers... This paper approves that the scope of this research will be restricted to primary, secondary and university education and how technology has shaped them in the past two decades. The study has been necessitated by the need to understand how education may benefit from the ever growing technology and impart better quality education to students. Material for the study will be sourced from scholarly journals, reports, websites and interviews. Interviews will include teachers, students and technology experts. This paper makes a conclusion that the research will initially be conducted by use of questionnaires. Learning institutions that are using technology will share their experiences before and after making the shift. The results will then be presented to technology experts for review. Scholarly materials will also be presented to them for viability checks and suggested improvements. while it is evident that technology is not attempting to replace education, it is time to ensure that each student owns a digital device for various beneficial reasons and have them in class, just like they have always had their textbooks. Most of the literatures used in this study suggest that the greater value of technology should be seen in the content it lends to learning experiences. Technology is part of the tools that makes learning more affordable, universal and interesting. To start with, digital devices are being developed exponentially and at affordable costs. Then, the quality and volume of digital learning content is bursting its borders and online interactive environments are getting more useful and easier to use and navigate through. The digital devices can be used to update and maintain portfolios, obtain grade updates, access information and news while managing the learning life.

Mending Wall Poetry Analysis Essay Example for Free

Mending Wall Poetry Analysis Essay The neighbour keeps resorting back to the same simple argument and point of his father’s saying, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbours. † The speaker continues to remain unconvinced and presses the neighbour’s old-fashioned stubborn claims to be overlooked despite his reluctance to be swayed. The piece remarkably is quite simplistic in the way that the vocabulary of the poem contains no real fancy words, most are short and the majority can be used in conversion in everyday life. There are no stanza breaks, obvious ending rhymes or overall rhyme scheme observed either. The repetition of whole lines is surveyed twice throughout the poem however. â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall,† is the opening line of the piece and is repeated on line thirty-six. This is a reoccurring idea that this wall should not be up standing in the first place as it is unnecessary. Frost says that there is a natural force that tears down these walls as they are unnatural. The repetition emphasises that it only separates us from being able to build last longing relationships from those who may be on the opposite side to that fence. The other replication noticed is of the motto of the neighbour’s father, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbours. † This phrase holds a very strong importance to the speaker’s neighbour. In no way, shape or form does the man over the wall want to change his sturdy built tradition of his father’s trusty and wise wisdom. Frost would rather the neighbour think for himself and for him to grasp the opportunity to do something different rather than continue to â€Å"move in darkness† and let go of the unneeded barrier between that lies between them. One interpretation is that Frost could be trying to convey is one of unnecessary barriers and dead-ends. Excuses not to alter their lives, not to form new friendships or develop and build even stronger ones. The title Mending Wall could mean anything but fixing the fence between the two blocks of land but refer instead to the broken relationship that exists between two human beings.

Steel drums :: essays research papers

The recording I listened to is called Carnival Favorites. It is Caribbean steel drum music. It is the majority of what people listen to and play in the Caribbean. It can be related to the genre of music known as techno. Usually a basic beat is repeated while a featured instrument such as steel drums plays a melody or song. Caribbean bands are mostly comprised of a drum set player, steel drum player, and a guitar and bass player. Other bands will add in other instruments such as a keyboard, bongos, or African drums. It is played so that people will be entertained, is played to keep people’s spirits high. Steel drum music is also about dancing. Any song that is played you will most likely be able to dance to it. The music makes you want to get into groove. Unless a band is playing a cover song, the band might not have a singer. Steel drum bands, in particularly, use the steel drums to â€Å"sing† to the audience. Steel drum players are fascinating to watch because of how difficult it is to play, and players can play every note perfect in the steel pan with ease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It differs from any American music because there are usually not any words, and is different from techno because the steel drum is used as a voice instead of a sound machine. Most music that I listen to is based on the guitar and the vocalists. Being a drummer makes me focus more on the drum parts, which is why I like steel drum bands because they are percussion featured. The steel drums, and other percussion instruments are the main attractions. The tempos of what I listen to, and Caribbean music, differ greatly. The genre of music I listen to can be up to twice as fast as Caribbean music. Caribbean music is at a mild tempo so it is relaxing and so nobody is over worked, either dancing or playing. Most steel drum players could not play at a fast speed.

A Woman’s Place Essay

â€Å"Don’t read so much, he said, don’t study; get yourself good and tired out with homework, take exercise. He believes that her troubles would clear up if she got married. He believes this in spite of the fact that most of his nerve medicine is prescribed for married women. † The primary theme of Meneseteung by Alice Munro is the role of women in times of Victorian traditions and standards. The narrator, who is never identified, explains tasks and qualities that differentiate a real, marriageable woman from an outcast from society. The main character in this story is Almeda Joynt Roth, a respectable woman who has become famous in her small town for her poetry book. She has earned respect and admiration amongst others in the town for her works, but has also been criticized as a woman’s literary ambitions were thought to be hobby rather than vocation. Roth yearns to marry Jarvis Poulter, an idea that the rest of the town supports. Even Roth’s doctor, who prescribes nerve medicine to help Roth with her sleeplessness, says she would be much happier if she were married. However, Poulter does not find Roth to be a suitable wife and does not pursue her as such because she does not demonstrate the qualities that defined a marriageable woman of the times. The story, then, is not just about the role of women in the society but also about a lonely woman, an outcast of traditional society, and her search for companionship. Roth suffers from insomnia and goes to the doctor to get medication to help with her sleeplessness. The doctor suggests that Roth busies herself with things that are not considered womanly such as studying and writing. Her writing is considered an asset to the community, but not totally accepted as a woman is expected to marry and have a family. The town paper, the Vidette, which contains articles that would often be considered libelous by modern standards considers her young and fit enough to bear children, physically speaking she is marriageable material. The doctor suggests that she wear herself out by performing housewife tasks such as cleaning and exercising so that she may sleep. He also discourages her from reading and writing, as it is not required of her to do these things to ulfill her position in society. He suggests that marriage would solve most of her problems, though the medication he prescribes her is primarily prescribed to married women. The doctor is prescribing a remedy to her problems by becoming a housewife, while also prescribing medication that is given to housewives to treat the very condition she, as a single woman, had come to ameliorate. In the society portrayed in Meneseteung marriage is considered to be a cure-all for many of women’s problems. Why, asks the narrator, has Roth remained unmarried for so long? The narrator suspects that it is partly down to her desolate disposition. A caliginous personality is not one that is considered attractive and people tend to avoid developing social ties to her. Weighed down by burdens such as the loss of her family Roth is a loner with reading, writing, and the hopeless pursuit of Jarvis Poulter as her only aspirations in life and generally just does as she pleases. She dreams of marrying Poulter, an idea that the whole town supports, but he never showed an interest in her as she did not fit the imagine of a marriageable woman of the times. Despite this the narrator portrays Roth to be less of the â€Å"reckless hedonist† and more like a â€Å"tormented artist,† suffering as a result of her art. It is her particularity that makes her an eminent writer, but also not considered suitable to be taken as a wife. Women in this story are portrayed as weak and in need of men. One night, Roth is awoken by a drunk, abused woman at her fence. She is frightened and rushes to Poulter for help, and this is shown as being the first time in the story that she behaves like a typical woman of her time. She is no longer the poised, confident woman that Poulter has come to know her as and is attracted to her desperate vulnerability. Poulter was not attracted to her when she was poised and confident but once he had seen that she was weak, helpless, and in need of him he felt drawn to her as she finally fit the stereotypical image of a woman. Poulter deals with the drunken woman in a cruelly and insensitively and upon seeing this Roth loses interest in him. Poulter asks her to church and she declines and the two never pursue a relationship. Despite being portrayed as weak and in need of men, women are not powerless in marriage. One of a woman’s primary roles is to â€Å"create their husbands† by â€Å"ascribing preferences† to them. â€Å"This way, bewildered, sidelong-looking men are made over, made into husbands, heads of households. † Roth cannot see herself doing this, which urther separates her from the society in which she lives. After her rejection of Poulter’s interests Roth retreats into the vivid aberration brought upon her by the doctor’s nerve medicine and meets her death after becoming the target of menacing youths’ malevolent tormenting. This quote from the doctor, which I have chosen as the most profoundly meaningful, shows the thinking of the times. Women we re to marry to solve their own problems as well as to solve the problems of their husband. This short story is about a woman who is different from the social norm and her search for companionship and stability in her own life, as well as how breaking the norm had its own consequences. Her obsession with reading and writing, which was said to be more suitable as a hobby than profession, set her aside and earned her respect within her community while at the same time driving a wedge between her and a normal life because she did not spend her life marrying, becoming a wife, becoming a mother, and spending her days cleaning and caring for her family like a typical woman of the time. When Roth became vulnerable she became like every other woman and Poulter finally saw her as a possibility for marriage but his actions revolted Roth. The incident with the drunken woman disgusted her into a solitary existence with just her and her hallucinations brought on by the nerve medication prescribed by the doctor. The doctor suggested that by marrying, Roth would not require this medicine despite it being most commonly prescribed for married women. So, then, Almeda Roth could not live with herself as a normal woman yet not being a typical woman is what eventually led to her demise.

How does leadership culture impact on the delivery of quality patient care - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2207 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? What can a nurse do, in this context, to ensure that patients needs are met? The importance of leadership is now widely recognised as a key part of overall effective healthcare, and nursing leadership is a crucial part of this as nurses are now the single largest healthcare discipline (Swearingen, 2009). The findings of the Francis Report (2013) raised major questions into the leadership and organisational culture which allowed hundreds of patients to die or come to harm and further found that the wards in Mid Staffordshire, where the worst failures of care were found were the ones that lacked strong and caring leadership, highlighting the crucial role of nurses in leadership. Research into nursing leadership has shown that a culture of good leadership within healthcare is linked to improved patient outcomes, increased job satisfaction, and lower staff turnover rates (MacPhee, 2012). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How does leadership culture impact on the delivery of quality patient care?" essay for you Create order Although the NHS currently faces many challenges such as financial constraints and a growing elderly population, leadership cannot be viewed as an optional role. Previous research by Swearingen (2009) has suggested that educational programmes for nurses do not fully prepare them for leadership roles, and this gap between the demands of clinical roles and adequate educational preparation can result in ineffective leadership in nursing (Feather, 2009). It is important to recognise the critical role that nurses and nurse leaders play in establishing leadership for patient care and the overall culture within which they work (Feather, 2009). Themes explored in this essay will include defining leadership, leadership in nursing, factors that contribute to nursing leadership, and leadership preparation as part of nursing education. What is leadership and culture? Leadership can mean many different things and has clearly evolved in meaning over time (Brady, 2010). Common qualities associated with leadership are influence, innovation, autocracy, and influence (Brady, 2010, Cummings, 2010). A key factor which has remained part of leadership during its evolution has been the ideas that leadership can involve the influence of behaviours, feelings, and actions of other people (Malloy, 2010). Culture is different, and refers to the implicit assumptions that each member of a group or organisation perceives and reacts to different things (Malloy, 2010). Culture is often regarded as a good reflection of what an organisation values most: if compassion and safety are highly regarded, staff will assimilate this (Hutchinson, 2012). Interactions by leaders at all levels of an organisation have been identified as the most important aspect/component of establishing and maintaining a culture of leadership (Malloy, 2010, Hutchinson, 2012). The most senior lev el of leadership within NHS trusts often comes from the board of directors, who have overall responsibility for the overall leadership strategy (Brady. 2010). Nursing leadership Although there are many research articles and books about leadership and management, there has been relatively little research until recently into what nursing leadership entails. Cummings (2008) found that perceptions of nursing leadership were different from general leadership because it placed a greater emphasis on nurses taking responsibility for and improving and influencing the practice environment. Brady (2010) reported that anytime a nurse had recognised authority, they were providing leadership to others. By this argument, student nurses are leaders to their patients, a staff nurse is a leader to student nurses and patients, and the leader to all team members is seen in the ward manager (Brady 2010, Sanderson, 2011). It is also important to distinguish between a manager and a leader (Brady 2010, Sanderson, 2011). Mangers are seen to be those who administer, maintain, and control, whereas leaders are those who are seen to innovate, develop, and inspire (Sanderson, 2011). Wh ilst there is obvious need for managers within the health service, it is vital to realise that there is a clear distinction in the roles of managers and leaders (Sanderson, 2011), and that there are areas where these roles may not overlap (Sanderson, 2011). One of the key challenges facing the NHS is to nurture a culture which allows the delivery of high quality healthcare (MacPhee, 2012) and one of the most influential factors which can impact the delivery of quality patient care is leadership: ensuring there is a clear distinction between management and leadership, and that leaders are equipped with the necessary tools to inspire others to follow their example (Jackson, 2009). Factors which contribute to nursing leadership The systematic review by Cummings (2008) demonstrated that research into nursing leadership falls into two categories à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" studies of the practices and actions of nursing leaders including the impact of differing healthcare settings, and the effects of different educational backgrounds of nurse leaders. The conclusion from the systematic review by Cummings (2008) suggests that leadership from nurses can be developed by a stronger emphasis placed on leadership in education, and by modelling leadership styles on those which have been seen to be successful in the workplace. Several studies also highlighted personal characteristics which were deemed to promote leadership qualities, such as openness and the motivation to lead others (Jackson, 2009, Brady 2010, Sanderson, 2011). Marriner (2009) also showed that contrary to popular belief, age, experience, and gender did not seem important factors when considering the effectiveness of leadership, and that interpersonal skill s were more important than financial or administrative skills. However this focus on financial and managerial skills seems to suggest an overlap between management and leadership, which has previously been shown to be two different areas (Richardson, 2010, MacPhee, 2012). They also showed that leadership was perceived to be less effective when leaders had less contact with those delivering care, highlighting the importance of nurses on the ward to also be effective leaders (Richardson, 2010, MacPhee, 2012). The emphasis which has been placed on interpersonal skills and relationships between healthcare workers is strongly suggestive that this is an important leadership skill, and could be a key part of leadership development programmes (Malloy, 2010). A recent review of the role of emotional intelligence and nursing leadership highlights the need for emotional intelligence in effective leaders and has been shown to be highly influential on healthcare cultures (Hutchinson, 2012). A lthough the impact of these factors can suggest how best to promote leadership in nursing, it is clear that a thorough understanding and overview of their interactions are needed to fully understand their effectiveness. Sorensen (2008) suggested that these effects can also be promoted through educational programmes, particularly at undergraduate level. Education It is clear that leadership is considered to be fundamental to nursing, and that nurses are now expected to act as leaders across a wide variety of settings (Richardson, 2010). If nurses are expected to undertake such roles it is important that they are adequately trained and prepared for this (Sanderson, 2011). Studies have found that many undergraduate nursing courses now view organisation and management to be fundamental parts of autonomous nursing practice, and it is widely part of the curriculum (Richardson, 2010, Sanderson, 2011). However it is unclear what is actually taught, and much of the content appears to be focused on the transition period from student to qualified nurse (Sanderson, 2011). However it seems that current expectations of leadership within the NHS are not suitable to be taught as isolated elements within the curriculum, and should instead be embraced throughout training and beyond (Richardson, 2010, Sanderson, 2011). The development of leadership skills sh ould also be continued through a nurses career to continually promote the importance of leadership, and to develop newly-qualified nurses into role models for others (Jackson, 2009). Collective leadership In collective leadership there are both individual and collective levels of accountability and responsibility (Cummings, 2008). There is a strong emphasis on regular reflective practice which has been shown to improve the standard of care given by nurses, and strives to make continuous improvement a habit of all within the organisation (Cummings, 2008, Cummings, 2010). This is in contrast to a command and control style of leadership, which displaces responsibility onto individuals and leads to a culture of fear of failure rather than a desire to improve (Feather, 2009). Leadership comes from both the leaders themselves and from the relationships among them and with other members of staff. Key to leadership is also the idea of followership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that everyone supports each other to deliver high quality care and that the success of the organisation is the responsibility of all (Hutchinson, 2012). It is important to recognise that good leadership does not happen by chance , and that collective leadership is the result of consciously and purposefully identifying the skills and behaviours needed at an individual and organisational level to create the desired culture (Hutchinson, 2012). This is in contrast to more traditional leadership development work, which has focused on developing individual capacity whilst neglecting the need for developing collective capability (Cummings, 208, Cummings, 2010). This style of leadership has been linked to poorer patient outcomes, decreased levels of job satisfaction, and higher levels of staff turnover (Sorensen, 2008). The challenge of recruiting and retaining leaders at all levels must be recognised, as there is need for clinical leadership at every level (Cummings, 2010). Research has shown that where leaders and relationships between leaders are well developed, there is an increased quality of care due to all staff working towards the same goals and a well-established culture of caring (Sanderson, 2011). In addition to this, there is also an increasing drive to form leadership partnerships with patients (Sanderson, 2011, Hutchinson, 2012). Collective leadership with those receiving care functions in a similar way to multidisciplinary team working as this style of leadership with patients needs a redeployment of both power and decision making in addition to a change in thinking about who should be included in the collective leadership community (Hutchinson, 2012). Several authors (Cummings, 2008, Jackson, 2009, Malloy, 2010) recommended that NHS leaders should work with those seen as patient leaders to facilitate the changes outlined in the Francis Inquiry report (2013).   There have been frequent reports that staff working in healthcare settings are often overwhelmed by the workloads required and are unsure of their priorities, sometimes because there are too many priorities identified by senior managers (Cummings, 2008). This can result in stress and poor quality care for patie nts (Cummings, 2008, Cummings, 2010). Whilst mission statements about efficient and high quality care can be helpful for staff, they are only helpful when translated into objectives for individuals (Jackson, 2009). Establishing and maintaining cultures of high-quality care relies on continual learning and improvements in patient care from all members of staff, and thus taking responsibility for improving quality (Jackson, 2009, MacPhee, 2010).   Where there is a well-established mentality of collective leadership, all staff members are more likely to work together to solve problems, to ensure that the quality of care remains high, and to work towards innovation (MacPhee, 2012). Conclusion The importance of effective leadership to the provision of good quality care is firmly established, as is the central role that leadership plays in nursing (Cummings, 2008). It is now also clear that leadership should be found at all levels from board to ward and it seems obvious that the development of leadership skills for nurses should begin when training commences and should be something which is honed and developed throughout a nursing career (Feather, 2009). For health care organisations to provide patients with good quality healthcare there must be a culture that allows sustained high quality care at multiple levels (Francis Report, 2013). These cultures must concentrate on the delivery of high quality, safe health care and enable staff to do their jobs effectively (Jackson, 2009, Francis Report, 2013). Part of this is ensuring that there is a strong connection to the shared purpose regardless of the individuals role within the system and that collaboration across profession al boundaries is easily achieved (Cummings, 2010). Nurses can be a key part of this by using collective leadership to establish a culture where all staff take responsibility for high quality care and all are accountable (Malloy, 2010). This may require a shift in mentality of the way many see leadership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" from seeing leadership as a command-and-control approach, to seeing leadership as the responsibility of all and working together as a team to work across organisations and other boundaries in the best interests of the patient (Brady, 2010). References Brady, P. (2010). The influence of nursing leadership on nurse performance: a systematic literature review. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(4), pp.425-439. Cummings, G. (2008). Factors contributing to nursing leadership: a systematic review. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 13(4), pp.240-248. Cummings, G. (2010). The contribution of hospital nursing leadership styles to 30-day patient mortality. Nursing Research, 59(5), pp.331-339. Feather, R. (2009). Emotional intelligence in relation to nursing leadership: does it matter? Journal of Nursing Management ¸ 17(3), pp.376-382. Hutchinson, M. (2012). Transformational leadership in nursing: towards a more critical interpretation. Nursing Inquiry, 20(1), pp.11-22. Jackson, J. (2009). Patterns of knowing: proposing a theory for nursing leadership. Nursing Economics, 27(1), pp.149-159. MacPhee, M. (2012). An empowerment framework for nursing leadership development: supporting evidence. Journal of A dvanced Nursing, 68(1), pp.159-169. Malloy, T. (2010). Nursing leadership style and psychosocial work environment. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(6), pp.715-725. Marriner, A. (2009). Nursing leadership and management effects work environments. Journal of Nursing Management, 17(1), pp.15-25. The Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry (2013) Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry: executive summary. London: Stationery Office (Chair: R Francis). Richardson, A. (2010). Patient safety: a literature review on the impact of nursing empowerment, leadership, and collaboration. International Nursing Review, 57(1), pp.12-21. Sandstrom, B. (2011). Promoting the implementation of evidence-based practice: a literature review focusing on the role of nursing leadership. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 8(4), pp.212-223. Sorensen, R. (2008). Beyond profession: nursing leadership in contemporary healthcare. Journal of Nursing Manag ement, 16(5), pp.535-544. Swearingen, S. (2009). A journey to leadership: dsigning a nursing leadership development program. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 40(3), pp.113-114.